Halitosis, colloquially called bad breath, or fetor oris, is a symptom in which a noticeably unpleasant odor is present on the exhaled breath. Concern about halitosis. Case Report from JAMA Dermatology — Successful Treatment of the Erythema and Flushing of Rosacea Using a Topically Applied Selective In a recent post I talked about how I had a rash around my mouth for 4+ months this spring/early summer. I discovered the cause of the rash was an allergic contact. Acne is a common skin disease that causes pimples. Pimples form when hair follicles under your skin clog up. Most pimples form on the face, neck, back, chest, and. Sadick, MD, FAAD, FAACS, FACP, FACPh Guest Editor As we expand into the 21st century, ever-increasing numbers of dermatologists are incorporating. Sulfur is a chemical element that is present in all living tissues. After calcium and phosphorus, it is the third most abundant mineral in the human body. Seborrheic Dermatitis Treatment & Management: Medical Care. Zisova LG. Malassezia species and seborrheic dermatitis. Drug Eruption Reference Manual. Table 1 Footnotes Table 1 Footnote 1. Ingredient must be pharmacopoeial grade (for a list of acceptable pharmacopoeial grades, see the Compendium of Monographs.) or.Cleveland, Ohio: Wal- Zac Enterprises; 1. Brodell EE, Smith E, Brodell RT. Exacerbation of seborrheic dermatitis by topical fluorouracil. Spelling and etymology. Sulfur is derived from the Latin word sulpur, which was Hellenized to sulphur. The spelling sulfur appears toward the end of the Classical period. Ford GP, Farr PM, Ive FA, Shuster S. The response of seborrhoeic dermatitis to ketoconazole. Green CA, Farr PM, Shuster S. Treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis with ketoconazole: II. Response of seborrhoeic dermatitis of the face, scalp and trunk to topical ketoconazole. Skinner RB Jr, Noah PW, Taylor RM, et al. Double- blind treatment of seborrheic dermatitis with 2% ketoconazole cream. Tatlican S, Eren C, Eskioglu F. Insight into pimecrolimus experience in seborrheic dermatitis: close follow- up with exact mean cure and remission times and side- effect profile. Role of topical calcineurin inhibitors in the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis: a review of pathophysiology, safety, and efficacy. Ozden MG, Tekin NS, Ilter N, Ankarali H. Topical pimecrolimus 1% cream for resistant seborrheic dermatitis of the face: an open- label study. Pimecrolimus cream 1% is effective in seborrhoeic dermatitis refractory to treatment with topical corticosteroids. Firooz A, Solhpour A, Gorouhi F, et al. Pimecrolimus cream, 1%, vs hydrocortisone acetate cream, 1%, in the treatment of facial seborrheic dermatitis: a randomized, investigator- blind, clinical trial. Pilot trial of 1% pimecrolimus cream in the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis in African American adults with associated hypopigmentation. Schwartz RA, Janusz CA, Janniger CK. Seborrheic dermatitis: an overview. Role of topical calcineurin inhibitors in the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis: a review of pathophysiology, safety, and efficacy. Fluconazole and its place in the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis- -new therapeutic possibilities. Kligman AM, Marples RR, Lantis LR, Mc. Ginley KJ. Appraisal of efficacy of antidandruff formulations. Schwartz JR, Rocchetta H, Asawanonda P, Luo F, Thomas JH. Does tachyphylaxis occur in long- term management of scalp seborrheic dermatitis with pyrithione zinc- based treatments? Carr MM, Pryce DM, Ive FA. Treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis with ketoconazole: I. Response of seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp to topical ketoconazole. Waldroup W, Scheinfeld N. Medicated shampoos for the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis. Seite S, Rougier A, Talarico S. Randomized study comparing the efficacy and tolerance of a lipohydroxy acid shampoo to a ciclopiroxolamine shampoo in the treatment of scalp seborrheic dermatitis. Groisser D, Bottone EJ, Lebwohl M. Association of Pityrosporum orbiculare (Malassezia furfur) with seborrheic dermatitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Seborrheic dermatitis in AIDS. Belew PW, Rosenberg EW, Jennings BR. Activation of the alternative pathway of complement by Malassezia ovalis (Pityrosporum ovale). Elish D, Silverberg NB. Infantile seborrheic dermatitis. Tajima M, Sugita T, Nishikawa A, Tsuboi R. Molecular analysis of Malassezia microflora in seborrheic dermatitis patients: comparison with other diseases and healthy subjects. Prohic A, Kasumagic- Halilovic E. Identification of Malassezia species from immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients with seborrheic dermatitis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Science. Pontasch MJ, Kyanko ME, Brodell RT. Tinea versicolor of the face in black children in a temperate region. Shin H, Kwon OS, Won CH, et al. Clinical efficacies of topical agents for the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp: a comparative study. Siadat AH, Iraji F, Shahmoradi Z, Enshaieh S, Taheri A. The efficacy of 1% metronidazole gel in facial seborrheic dermatitis: a double blind study. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. An investigator- blind, randomized, 4- week, parallel- group, multicenter pilot study to compare the safety and efficacy of a nonsteroidal cream (Promiseb Topical Cream) and desonide cream 0. Facial seborrheic dermatitis: a report on current status and therapeutic horizons. The Use of Sodium Sulfacetamide 1. Sulfur 5% Emollient Foam in the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. Aug; 2(8): 2. 6–2. Del Rosso, Valley Hospital Medical Center, Las Vegas, Nevada; Corresponding author. DISCLOSURE: Dr. Del Rosso is a consultant, speaker, and/or researcher for Allergan, Coria, Galderma, Graceway, Intendis, Medicis, Onset Therapeutics, Obagi Medical Products, Ortho Dermatology, Pharma. Derm, Quinnova, Ranbaxy, Skin. Medica, Stiefel, Triax, Unilever, and Warner- Chilcott. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract. Acne vulgaris is the most common disorder encountered in ambulatory clinical practice comprising 1. By comparison, eczematous dermatoses, psoriasis, and skin cancer accounted for 6. A variety of topical therapeutic options are available for treatment of acne vulgaris, including benzoyl peroxide, antibiotics, retinoids, azelaic acid, and sodium sulfacetamide- sulfur. Sodium sulfacetamide 1. Recently, an emollient foam sodium sulfacetamide 1. This article provides an overview of the sodium sulfacetamide 1. The sodium sulfacetamide 1. SSS) emollient foam is formulated as an alcohol- free and fragrance- free topical aerosol foam that has been shown to exhibit moisturization properties. An evaluation of the rate of release of the active ingredients from the SSS emollient foam formulation demonstrated active release characteristics conducive to both wash- off and leave- on treatment regimens in clinical practice. In addition, SSS emollient foam has been shown to markedly reduce colony counts of Propionibacterium acnes in vitro. Lastly, SSS emollient foam has been shown to exhibit reduced sulfur odor intensity as compared to other conventional SSS formulations,9 without the use of potentially sensitizing, odor- masking additives, such as fragrance. Case Series. The following case series discusses the use of SSS emollient foam in the treatment of mild- to- moderate acne vulgaris either as monotherapy or in combination with other topical acne medications. In all cases, SSS emollient foam was used as a leave- on formulation according to directions outlined in the product prescribing information. The frequency of application and use of any concomitant therapies were determined by the author who evaluated and treated all patients included in the case series. Case 1. A 3. 5- year- old Asian woman presented with facial acne vulgaris “on and off” for a duration of several years. She reported that her acne had not responded to treatment with benzoyl peroxide (BPO) 5. On examination, she exhibited 1. She was prescribed SSS emollient foam in the morning and tretinoin microsphere gel 0. At the follow- up visit four weeks later, the number of facial papules and comedones decreased to seven and 1. She reported mild pruritus of the temple regions over the first few days of medication use, which resolved without discontinuation of therapy. There was no visible evidence of cutaneous side effects on examination. At the eight- week follow- up visit, the number of facial papules and comedones decreased to three and three, respectively. Intermittent mild dryness of the temple regions, which was not evident on clinical examination, was reported by the patient; however, this subjective finding did not result in discontinuation of treatment. With regard to use of the SSS emollient foam, the patient stated it was very easy to apply and that she was satisfied with the results of her treatment program. Case 2. A 2. 9- year- old Asian woman presented with a 1. She describes her acne as mild, but frustrating, stating, “there are always a few, especially on the forehead.” She has separately used tretinoin cream 0. BPO cream 3. 5% with modest success. On examination, 1. The patient was prescribed SSS emollient foam once daily. At follow up six weeks later, the number of inflammatory lesions decreased to three and no comedones were observed. Two weeks later (Week 8), no inflammatory lesions were noted and only one closed comedone was observed. No adverse reactions were reported or observed. With regard to use of SSS emollient foam, the patient reported that it was very easy to use and aesthetically pleasing. She was very satisfied with the results of treatment, and the current regimen was continued. Case 3. A 1. 3- year- old Asian boy presented with a one- year history of facial acne vulgaris that was only modestly responsive to previous treatment with BPO 5%- clindamycin 1% gel. Clinical examination demonstrated 2. Figure 1). The predominant areas of involvement were the forehead and cheeks. The patient was prescribed SSS emollient foam in the morning and tretinoin microsphere gel 0. Multiple inflammatory and comedonal acne lesions noted on the forehead at baseline. Follow up at eight weeks revealed 1. Figure 2). No adverse reactions were reported or observed. The patient stated that SSS emollient foam was easy to apply, and he was satisfied with the results of therapy. The current regimen was continued. Marked reduction in inflammatory and comedonal acne lesions on the forehead observed after eight weeks of treatment. Note significant improvement with only residual post- inflammatory erythema and hyperpigmentation. Case 4. A 3. 0- year- old Asian woman presented with a 1. The patient had discontinued therapy with topical adapalene two weeks prior to her visit. On examination, eight inflammatory papules and 3. Mild postinflammatory hyperpigmentation was also noted. The patient was prescribed SSS emollient foam to be applied twice daily. At her four- week follow- up visit, seven inflammatory papules and 2. She reported mild facial dryness, which was ameliorated by use of a facial moisturizer cream without interruption of therapy. Examination at eight weeks revealed six inflammatory papules and 1. No adverse reactions were reported or observed. The patient reported that SSS emollient foam was easy to apply, and satisfaction with response to treatment was high. The current regimen was continued. Case 5. A 1. 4- year- old Caucasian girl presented with truncal acne vulgaris involving the back over the past few years. Despite the use of BPO creamy wash 8% daily there was some persistence of acne lesions that was bothersome to the patient. On examination, 1. BPO creamy wash 8% once daily was continued and SSS emollient foam twice daily was added to the regimen. After four weeks of treatment, the patient reported marked improvement. On examination, six inflammatory papules and 1. Improvement progressed through Week 8 with one inflammatory papule and three closed comedones noted. No adverse reactions were reported or observed at either visit. The patient and her mother stated they were very satisfied with the treatment results and reported that SSS emollient foam was very easy to apply and was aesthetically pleasing to use. The current treatment regimen was continued. Case 6. A 1. 9- year- old Caucasian woman presented with facial acne vulgaris present for several months. Previous treatment had included a BPO- containing skin care system, topical adapalene, and oral minocycline. The patient has been off of all treatment for several months and admits to inconsistent compliance with previous therapies. On examination, 2. The patient was instructed to apply SSS emollient foam in the morning and tazarotene cream 0. Additionally, the patient was administered a ceramide- based moisturizer cream to be applied in the evening prior to application of topical tazarotene. At the four- week follow- up visit, 2. The patient reported mild facial redness occurring after application of topical tazarotene; however, this dissipated by the following morning and did not interfere with continuation of treatment. By Week 8, the numbers of inflammatory and noninflammatory lesions were 1. Regarding the use of SSS emollient foam, the patient reported it was easy to use and exhibited good aesthetic qualities. Additionally, she was satisfied with the results of the treatment regimen, which was continued with the addition of oral doxycycline. Case 7. A 3. 2–year- old Caucasian man presented with facial acne vulgaris present for several months involving the forehead and cheeks. He had previously utilized BPO 5%- clindamycin 1% gel with modest success, with cutaneous dryness leading to inconsistent use. Clinical evaluation revealed 1. The patient was instructed to use SSS emollient foam in the morning and tretinoin 0. After four weeks, the inflammatory and noninflammatory lesion counts decreased to five and nine, respectively. At Week 6, eight inflammatory papules and one closed comedone were observed. No adverse reactions were reported or observed over the course of treatment. With regard to SSS emollient foam, the patient stated it was very easy to apply with very good aesthetic characteristics. He was satisfied with the response to treatment. Case 8. A 2. 3- year- old Caucasian woman presented with a recent flare of facial acne vulgaris involving primarily the forehead and cheeks over the past two months. She was previously treated with oral minocycline for only a short duration. A total of 1. 8 inflammatory papules and 1. SSS emollient foam twice daily was prescribed. At the four- week follow- up visit, inflammatory and noninflammatory lesions decreased to eight and seven, respectively. Follow up at Week 8 demonstrated seven inflammatory papules and seven closed comedones. Facial dryness was reported by the patient, but did not interfere with treatment. No other adverse reactions were reported or observed. The patient stated that SSS emollient foam was easy to apply and aesthetically pleasing. She was moderately satisfied with the results of treatment, but requested a switch in her therapy to an alternative approach that would lead to further clearance of acne lesions. Discussion. The above cases demonstrate the use of SSS emollient foam in the treatment of mild- to- moderate acne vulgaris as either monotherapy or in combination with a topical retinoid.
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